VICTORIA INSTITUTIONS' India pages

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif When Malabar was annexed to Travancore in 1956, making fools of Malabar’s people, it seems neither ordinary individuals nor political leaders had much clarity about what was to come. What was Malabar about to lose? Many may have listed similarities between Ma...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif The intention was to write about the competitive exams for government jobs. However, the path to that writing has stretched long. First, I’ll briefly address how, in Malabar, the word Ningal (stature-neutral you) became offensive when used with certain people...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif Many people compete fiercely to secure government jobs. Consequently, such jobs are often described by many as a sort of unattainable prize. In this context, an observation is that in British-Malabar, Madras-Malabar, and even in Kerala-Malabar until around th...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif In the previous writing, I mentioned the futility of studying BA and MA in Malayalam. For instance, Political Science teaches many Western philosophical ideas. Most of these philosophies may border on absurdity. This is because they theorize social possibilit...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif I’m now moving to the point I intended to discuss in the previous writing. It’s about the appointment of officials through a public examination conducted by a Public Service Commission. It seems that in British-India, the Indian Civil Service examination, alo...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif Scattered thoughts continue to swirl in my mind. One of the many things being pushed into public education today is the notion that ancient India possessed profound knowledge and wisdom. First, it must be said that before the advent of British-India, there do...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif Ordinarily, an IPS officer would not be demoted to a police constable overnight. However, in a feudal language society, private individuals can be shifted to different levels across various platforms. In other words, a person respected as highest him on one p...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif The English administration in South Asia undertook various efforts to understand the social environment and ethnic groups. In the early days, the diverse communities of South Asia were as incomprehensible to them as many other living creatures. One of the ini...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif This is not what I intended to write about now—that is, the railway accident that occurred two days ago. The Archaeological Department might claim, through observational studies, that trains existed in India 30,000 years ago and that they have discovered the ...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif Around 1989, I first wrote extensively in English about the phenomenon of feudal language. Various efforts from multiple platforms were made to prevent that writing from reaching the public eye. I won’t delve into that now. However, around 2002, I published a...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif It cannot be said that the facial expressions of lowly people have a deformity. For, on the ladder of Inhi👇 - Ingal👆, both the exalted and the lowly may stand on the same rung. However, among those on the same rung, those who fall to the lower end may exhibit...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif The next in the scattered thoughts lingering in the mind. In feudal languages, the distinction between the exalted and the lowly exists everywhere. Yet, this is rarely seen as a significant issue. For it is an eternal truth and an immovable reality in society...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif Thoughts scattered in the mind continue to linger. From the perspective of feudal language, it appears that the English were a crowd of people ignorant of the ways of the world and utterly naive. It seems that the modicum of discernment and wisdom that existe...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif Today, I plan to write some scattered thoughts. The first among these is the social concept of the upper class. At a glance, this concept seems to exist in every social environment. It is visible in England too. However, when England’s upper class interacts w...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif Locally insignificant Indians go to English-speaking nations. There, they display remarkable abilities. People, both in India and from afar, loudly proclaim that Indians possess such great skill and talent. Indian online media constantly trumpet this fact. Ho...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif This writing currently focuses on describing the inner coding of feudal languages. While addressing the Mappila Rebellion in South Malabar, I briefly began writing about the invisible yet immensely powerful coding in the local language of this region, which h...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif Let me begin today’s writing by discussing the concept of kuthithiripp (backbiting) mentioned in the previous writing. In feudal languages, this is indeed a perennial phenomenon. While something similar can be done in English, the mental predisposition that n...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif Just as we observe an ant colony or a beehive today, English individuals should have viewed South Asian crowds in a similar way. However, they lacked the insight to do so. They encountered people in South Asia, Africa, the American continent, and even contine...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif The matter I am about to discuss was intended to be included in the previous writing but was omitted. An IPS officer, both in their professional domain and in private settings, remains an IPS officer. In other words, when this person is seated in their profes...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif https://victoria.org.in/img/books/g/74.jpg Look at this provided image. It is a painting from 1800 or thereabouts. You can see a servant serving food to Nair women. This person is likely a Nair individual as well. Nevertheless, the title of a servant of the s...

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Scattered thoughts in the mind

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif All the books I have written are available as PDF digital books. However, they were best suited for use on laptops or desktop computers, which was a limitation. A few weeks ago, I painstakingly developed the technical expertise to create versions that can be ...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif I had decided not to weave history into the current trajectory of this writing, as it focuses on depicting the inner workings of local feudal languages. However, having written about the Nampoothiri-Nair social positions created by feudal languages, I intend ...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif I was discussing the social atmosphere created by feudal languages and the bureaucratic system within such societies. The hallmark of this bureaucratic system is the dominance of elites like the Nampoothiris and the Nairs who stand beneath them. Clinging to t...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif The narrative concerns what would happen to the Nampoothiris (Hindus) and the temple-dwellers who stand with them if the Pariahs leave and the Nairs, collectively organised, go on strike for a while. With the advent of English rule in Malabar, the Nairs withd...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif I am currently writing about the fundamental structure of the officialdom naturally created by South Asian feudal languages. Those at the highest level first select some of their lowest subordinates and designate them as Shudras. These Shudra rank-holders gra...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif It seems that Indian feudal languages share a particular type of coding. While not identical across all languages, broadly speaking, South Asian languages exhibit a similar pattern of hierarchy. In other words, if these languages are given free rein, they wil...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif In British-Malabar, the government officialdom that the English administration sought to establish likely resembled the officialdom found in England. However, the sole fact that people in South Asia spoke feudal languages made it impossible to create an offic...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif The focus here is Travancore, where the language was likely Tamil. Tamil is a profoundly feudal language. Speaking politely in Tamil often provokes condescension and mockery, stirring an urge to demean the speaker. Honouring the superior, enabling their domin...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif This writing was deliberately delayed by a couple of days. The delay was due to drafting YouTube comments related to Cochin’s toxic gas issue and some vehicle accidents, along with sending their copies. This was done to avoid information overload. Today’s foc...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif It appears that rigid hierarchies were embedded in the languages of Malabar, Travancore, and most South Asian regions, shaping their social atmospheres. From this perspective, similarities likely existed between Travancore and British-Malabar in local social ...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif In British-Malabar, officials who rose to high government posts through English proficiency held a distinct view on corruption, starkly different from those in Travancore, the subsequent Travancore-Cochin state, and later South Kerala districts. Across South ...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif The writing now navigates through the inner dynamics of feudal languages. However, it seems to have slightly veered into history. I’m unsure how this happened. The aim is to view Travancore and British-Malabar as distinct regions and outline their differences...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif With the formation of Kerala on November 1, 1956, Malabar’s stature plummeted sharply. The new state’s capital was Trivandrum. From there, Malabar seemed like a remote corner at the edge of the world, where people couldn’t even speak Malayalam properly. The s...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif The requirement in Malabari and Malayalam to append a respectful word after a person’s name is also mandatory in Hindi and other South Asian languages, though Hindi is somewhat simpler. In Travancore, an official is Saar, and a common person is Ningal. Howeve...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif In feudal languages, whenever someone speaks to another, the word You lingers in the background, ready to oscillate between Ingal and Inhi variants. Similarly, an awareness persists that He/She, His/Her, and His/Hers words are poised to shift, altering numero...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif The present-day state of Kerala is, in reality, a region formed by the amalgamation of two distinct historical traditions. One is British-Malabar, and the other is the Travancore kingdom. Though the Cochin kingdom existed between them, for the purposes of thi...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif Each language creates distinct social, administrative, and other systems. This holds true for English as well. However, since continental Europeans established their royal and noble families in England, the English language had to incorporate a few newly craf...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif In local feudal languages, individuals show the greatest obedience when they are successfully demeaned. From an English perspective, this is utterly unimaginable. Readers may have observed this themselves. Consider a private doctor who employs someone of low ...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif I am writing about managing men and women through local feudal languages. This topic requires delving into multiple aspects. As I begin writing, I haven’t charted a clear path in my mind. Let’s see what ideas flow into this path as I write. In England, associ...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif In the 1990s, the phenomenon of BPO (Business Process Outsourcing) entered India. This was facilitated by the magical web of the internet. Before that, England, the USA, and other such places were, for most Indians, as distant as Mars is today. Subsequently, ...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif Today, I intend to discuss a few points about the concept of equality. It seems that, in the past, the word “equality” did not hold much relevance for discussion among the English. Yet, equality did not exist in England’s social environment either. There, you...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif In 1982, as mentioned in the previous writing, I addressed some doctors, colleagues of my sister, as “you” [Ningal] at home. Looking back, I now understand that being the brother of a doctor created the context for addressing those doctors with equality using...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif After completing my graduation (BSc degree) in Trivandrum in 1982, until around 2002, I had the opportunity to engage in various activities across different parts of the country. During this time, I closely interacted with people from diverse social strata an...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif In Malayalam, the word pakvata (maturity) exists, often linked to advanced age. In English, it seems to align with mature. However, mature in English and pakvata in Malayalam share only a superficial resemblance. At a glance, they appear similar, but that’s w...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif This 16th volume attempts to examine the design patterns of hidden interpersonal relationship links within the communication machinery of feudal languages. Some points here may echo or expand on ideas briefly mentioned in the first volume. In this volume, the...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif In feudal languages, a person’s assets—wealth, knowledge, connections with high-status individuals, authority, physical stature, strength, courage, or skill—profoundly influence word codes. This significantly impacts the minds of feudal language speakers. The...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif In an English-only social environment, individuals strive to erase hierarchies in words. In feudal language settings, it’s the opposite. Here, every person observes another’s words, actions, and tone for precise subservience or dominance. Those below must sho...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif The intent was to discuss what happens in a social setting when individuals reach a teaching position, but the previous writing veered off course. Now, the focus is on the positional shifts in intricate software codes when individuals move from one word-tent ...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif In the previous writing, I discussed the profound mental, physical, and personal transformations when an ordinary person in a feudal language becomes a teacher. From an English perspective, it’s like stepping into an astonishing leadership role. This involves...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif Feudal language words can create a distinct phenomenon in the human mind and body. This can only be understood through direct experience, revealing its mental and physical reality. In English, the word aura exists, but it seems to be understood merely as a ph...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif The true face of poverty in India today may not be as starkly visible in Kerala as it once was. About 20 years ago, in a northern Indian region, a middle-class individual remarked with surprise: In Kerala, every household has at least one person working abroa...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif The strength of social and personal relationships in the English language is directly opposite to the strength maintained through feudal languages. In English, there is no significant hierarchy in linguistic terms between individuals within any organisation. ...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif Image The image, dated 1961, depicts a white-skinned individual wearing a hat, identified as Michael Rockefeller. It is understood that he was later consumed by the tribal people shown in the image. It is a fact that many animals possess abilities beyond huma...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif In feudal languages, expressions about gratitude (nanni or nandi in Malayalam) are commonly found. Phrases such as: “Do not forget the path you came from.” “Do not anoint your head, forgetting your roots.” “Be grateful for the food you eat.” and many similar ...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif Hiuen Tsang, a Chinese traveller and scholar, while journeying through South Asia in the seventh century, recorded his observations and experiences, including the following: The people are accustomed to a life of ease and prosperity and they like to sing. How...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif I have mentioned this matter earlier in this work. A promise made by someone with a subservient demeanor to a respected person carries immense value. Moreover, such a person strictly adheres to punctuality when dealing with the respected individual. However, ...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif In a feudal language environment, individuals constantly strive to stand above others. There exists a group known as the “common man” in feudal language regions. This phenomenon of the common man is often not a specifically defined position in today’s society...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif It seems that among the English, both in earlier times and to some extent even now, the concept of entrepreneurship was viewed in a rather limited way. In India, however, the situation is quite the opposite. For any worker in a private enterprise, the constan...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif The narrative must now return to the Mappila riots that began to flare up in the two taluks of South Malabar from around the 1850s. However, having started writing about the subversive codes embedded in South Asian languages, I feel compelled to continue. As ...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif The feudal linguistic social atmosphere is, in reality, a constant and perpetual battlefield. However, this is often very subtle, obscure, cryptic, and difficult to describe. The reason why a person of lower status attempts—or has attempted—to undermine or ov...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif I have already mentioned the hierarchical codes that radiate through the eyes, touch, words, tone, and other means of those who speak feudal languages. This may be a complex, powerful, and intricate social and personal phenomenon. Ordinarily, an individual li...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif I had intended to discuss a major twist related to the Inhi👇 - Ningal👆 ladder, but some other aspects of the local language culture have come to mind. I think it’s worth adding these as well, as there may not be another opportunity in this writing’s path to a...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif On the Inhi👇 - Ningal👆 ladder, individuals often have a clearly defined position. This position is indelibly fused into their physical personality, mental disposition, thought patterns, words, gaze, touch, and more, in a way that is difficult to erase or conc...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif When South Asians migrated to English-speaking nations, the Inhi👇 - Ningal👆 ladder present within them naturally began to fade slowly, especially in earlier times. This could be a significant reason for the gradual changes in their demeanor and the positive p...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif Every distinct Inhi👇 - Ningal👆 ladder has a downward flow, smooth as silk. This downward flow is akin to the film songs written by Vayalar Ramavarma and others for Malayalam cinema. In this flow, one can find the beauty, rhythm, melody, and elegance of great ...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif I had intended to write about a major twist related to the Inhi👇 - Ningal👆 ladder, but before that, I think it’s worth mentioning a few more things. Every individual living on the different steps of this ladder has a distinct numerical value position. This po...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif The reality is that there exists an invisible yet immensely powerful presence of word codes that exerts significant physical influence and coercion in various ways on everyone. This is evident in South Asian social communication, personal relationships, famil...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif Let me tell you about another social matter. Inhi👇 - Ningal👆 Each step on the ladder is at a specific height. When a person, without displaying any social status or distinctions, as is common in English, engages in communication or friendly conversation with ...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif Examine the hierarchical system in the Kerala Police. A1. DGP A2. IG A3. DIG A4. SP A5. ASP B1. SP (non-IPS) B2. DySP B3. CI B4. SI C1. SI (Promoted) C2. ASI C3. Head Constable / Senior Civil Police Officer C4. Constable / Civil Police Officer The hierarchy l...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif The discussion is about a particular type of social design hidden within the languages of the South Asian subcontinent. This matter needs to be addressed very clearly. Only then can one understand a key factor that led to the Mappila Rebellion. The English Ea...

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1. At steep heights and in deep pits 2. Inhi👇 - Ingal👆 ladders 3. Great men and those who are not great men 4. Marital bonds and the Inhi - Ningal ladder 5. Subtle social scenes created by the Inhi - Ningal ladder 6. Mental illness spreading through the ladder 7. The gap between principle and actua...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif This chapter was meant to conclude the discussion on the Mappila Rebellion, but it feels like peering through the James Webb Telescope into the universe. Each point of focus reveals deeper, expanding layers. Thus, the hope of wrapping up the historical backdr...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif This writing attempts to continue. It feels as though hundreds of thoughts are jostling in my mind, rushing to spill out. The narrative paused while describing the social context of the so-called Mappila Rebellion that erupted around 1921 in two small taluks ...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif In today’s new nation of India, there are reportedly around 2.4 lakh panchayats and 6.5 lakh villages. It’s unclear how many panchayats and villages existed in British-India. Before English rule, rural life and village governance were entirely isolated. Peopl...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif The government systems in Manantoddy were, in fact, established across most districts in British-India. At the apex of these systems were a few officers of the ICS, or Indian Civil Service (also known as the Imperial Civil Service). Initially, most of these o...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif The beginning of the end to the daily miseries faced by the people It appears that those who claim to love this nation today assert that vast administrative systems existed across this subcontinent during and before the time of Lord Rama, who ruled in the sma...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif List of educational initiatives launched by the English East India Company in British-India Though Malabar was then known as British-Malabar, not all its regions had acquired an English character. It seems that Tellicherry’s people experienced the greatest in...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif The narrative has now reached the point of discussing the violent acts by lower-class Mappilas in two taluks of South Malabar around the 1850s. It has been mentioned that a few individuals, under an Islamic banner and armed with knives, set out at night to ki...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif Even after 150 years of English rule, no progress was made in India. They failed to eradicate poverty. This is how many scholars today evaluate English rule. The notion that a ruler can simply will away a nation’s poverty, behaviour, culture, and commercial a...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif From the perspective of the English, the social atmosphere in South Asia was utterly peculiar. This remains true even today. It’s impossible to fully describe the design of this social atmosphere now. But one aspect can be highlighted. The Sanskrit language, ...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif When the English East India Company united approximately 2,000 small regions in South Asia to forge a vast nation, it initiated numerous monumental undertakings that no one in this subcontinent had previously accomplished. One such endeavour was the Survey of...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif The small kingdoms surrendered their territories and authority to the English East India Company, likely because they recognized that this company was led by a distinctly different kind of people. Local royal families may have assessed the company’s officials...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif Not only in British-India but across much of South Asia, a similar social mindset and societal structure likely prevailed. This consisted of a prominent family in each region, with layers of people beneath them, each ranked according to their respective statu...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif When discussing the lower-class Mappila attacks that occurred from 1836 within a 15-mile radius of the Panthallur hills in two taluks of South Malabar, it would be helpful to visualise the region of Malabar District and the nation of British-India. In the 183...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif It is indeed very difficult for other people and nations to understand the English and England. Individuals in a feudal linguistic social environment constantly exist in a peculiar state, bouncing and slipping within a three-dimensional social expanse. Such a...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif QUOTE The students at the college are supported by the Ponnani towns people, the custom being to quarter two students in each house. The students study in the public or Jammat or (as it is sometimes called) Friday Mosque, and in their undergraduate stage they...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif It may be true that in South Malabar, Islam functioned as a powerful instrument of social reform. A similar social reform was attempted by the English language and the English Company administration. However, observe the tangled threads—even at the grassroots...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif In 1851, after a period in which Collector H. V. Conolly had deliberately tried to increase the number of Muslims in the public services, This would not have been a social phenomenon in England. This is because the local language fosters a perception that a g...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif The social structure and pathways of social communication are determined by the local feudal language, rather than Islam having any significant role in deciding this matter. Adding significant personality to the lower strata is perceived, through the lens of ...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif As the English Company officials gradually established administrative structures in the Malabar regions, they had to confront various hidden issues within the local societies. While it is true that today’s formal Indian history defines that era as a period of...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif Before proceeding with the writing, I will provide some images related to the Negro slavery that prevailed for approximately 75 years, about two centuries ago, in the present-day US regions. Although the English language was widely prevalent in the US regions...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif It would be quite difficult for people today to imagine the nature of the slavery that the English East India Company encountered in the Malabar regions. Many have likely formed highly inaccurate perceptions of slavery based on the stories and images of the s...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif Before the Indian Slavery Act of 1843 was passed as a legal framework in British India, a law prohibiting slavery had already been enacted in Britain in 1833, known as the Slavery Abolition Act (1833), applicable across the far-flung English empire. It can be...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif When the Indian Slavery Act of 1843 was passed as a legal framework in British India, it likely caused immense anxiety, distress, and panic among the social elite. In Malabar, such a move was, in reality, not something that could be easily accomplished by any...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif On 7 January 1839, the Malabar District Collector sent a letter in response to the instructions given in a letter dated 17 August 1838 from the Director Board of the English East India Company. (Details of the Director Board’s letter were provided in the prev...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif Searching online for slavery might frequently bring up the words British or Britain in the results. Phrases like Slavery in British India, Abolishing of Slavery in the British Empire, Slavery in British West Africa, and Slavery in the USA are scattered across...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif When studying the Mappila attacks in South Malabar during the 1800s, it is necessary to examine other social issues faced by the English Company administration in the Malabar region. The English Company sought to implement significant reforms to address many ...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif Before proceeding, let us detail a lower-class Mappila attack from 1851. Readers should keep two points in mind before reading this account. First, though it may seem like an Islamic attack, in reality, it was a societal explosion caused by a mental uplift am...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif To understand how perspectives shifted, consider this: in the 1970s, if India attacked Pakistan, the U.S. would deploy its navy and other forces at its own expense to protect Pakistan. Today, if India attacked Pakistan, many in the U.S. would rejoice. This me...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif It is understood that English Company officers living in South Asia with their wives and children faced the same linguistic issues as elite Arab families from Arabia residing in Malabar’s coastal regions. However, English officers often did not grasp the core...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif English officers in the English East India Company likely perceived the local elites working at high levels within the Company’s administration in various ways. Two distinct perspectives can be mentioned here. The first might be that these high-ranking indivi...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif To address and control the lower-class Mappila violence in South Malabar, District Collector Conolly, an Englishman, likely preferred deploying a force of British citizen soldiers. Several reasons may have contributed to this preference. One could be the brut...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif When between 10,000 and 12,000 lower-class Mappilas gathered at Tirurangadi, one can imagine the alarm, anxiety, intense fear, and confusion that must have arisen among other groups present. It should also be noted that a significant percentage of those gathe...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif Individuals within the English Company’s administration held differing opinions about the Mappilas of Malabar. The reason for this variation lies in the fact that Malabar was home to distinct types of Muslims. The Mappilas of Valluvanad and Eranad in South Ma...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif Let us now briefly examine matters through the perspective of the elite in that society. The Brahmin community, or rather the Namboodiris, were akin to today’s IAS and IPS officers. Some among them, it is noted, had long ago converted from the Mukkava communi...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif The English Company officials seriously contemplated how to eradicate the communal animosity that persisted like an enigma in South Malabar. This issue must be understood differently from how modern Indian officials might approach a social calamity in India. ...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif The Mappila attacks in the 1830s exhibited distinct characteristics. One notable trait was that these attackers were unwilling to be captured alive or to surrender. Several reasons may account for this behaviour. However, what stands out here is the historica...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif The English administration could not overhaul the social fabric of South Malabar and move forward. Land was held by landlords, much of which was leased out. Among those who leased this land were not only Nairs and Thiyyas but also wealthy Mappila individuals,...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif With the end of Mysore rule, for some time, the English Company and local kings jointly governed both North and South Malabar as partners. As mentioned earlier, the English Company officials faced a significant challenge in two taluks of South Malabar. During...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif The backdrop of today’s Hindu-Mappila communal tensions is as follows: From those who were entirely enslaved under the old Hindu (Brahmin) order to both makkathayam (patrilineal) and marumakkathayam (matrilineal) Thiyyas, many began shifting away from their t...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif In South Malabar, the Mappila attacks on the Brahmin side were distinctly confined to two specific taluks: Ernad and Valluvanad. To be more precise, these attacks occurred within a 15-mile radius of Pandalur Hill. Only one or two incidents took place outside ...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif I am currently reading The Moplah Rebellion and Its Genesis, a research thesis written by Conrad Wood, a left-leaning social scientist from England, published in 1987. While Wood appears to blame "British colonialism" when discussing the Mappila Reb...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif From approximately 1836 to 1854, I have gathered from the Malabar Manual that around 29 Mappila attacks occurred in Malabar, primarily in South Malabar. Some incidents also took place after 1854. It does not appear that any of the 29 attacks I have listed wer...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif There is a tendency among some thesis writers and formal historians to use terms like "colonial administration" or "British colonial rule" when referring to the English administration in South Asia, unnecessarily misleading readers. (It sh...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif In South Malabar, many lower-class individuals converted to Islam and progressed significantly, both socially and personally. The political environment enabling this transformation was provided by the English administration in Malabar. However, it does not se...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif In a certain region, there are a number of small-scale workers. They perform household tasks in the homes of many wealthy individuals, earning meager wages. The homeowners view them as filth, not allowing them to sit on chairs and requiring them to eat on the...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif It is often said that Islam views kafirs as enemies. In ancient times, there may have been a general understanding among people that enemies should be killed. If the Quran records an opposition to kafirs, I am unaware of the context or circumstances in which ...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif From around the 1830s, there seems to have been a persistent state of confrontation in South Malabar between certain groups of Mappilas and some members of the Brahmin faction. Before delving deeper into this matter, it is necessary to clearly define the comm...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif It seems the last piece was posted in May 2021. Today is 18ᵗʰ November. The topic being written about then was the historical event known as the Mappila Rebellion in South Malabar. At that time, ideas flowed into my mind like a stream. But now, looking within...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif When reflecting on the violent acts of Mappila or Muhammadan lower-class individuals, it becomes necessary to consider social and political revolutions. Let’s think about the freedom struggle of Palestinians today. It seems their language is Arabic. It appear...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif In India, historical writing today is centred on the nation-state of India as it exists now. In this way, anything can be written relatively. For example, with the notion that we are sitting at the centre of the universe, we can measure and interpret the move...

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1. About those who held the middle ground while setting both sides ablaze 2. Pledging allegiance to Hindi imperialism being defined as freedom 3. Back to the flow of the writing 4. Hindus and Muslims then 5. If one could point out a common enemy 6. Explosive social mechanisms in society 7. Insights...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif Society is undergoing unprecedented upheaval and fragmentation. Two distinct invasions by Mysoreans seemed to have uprooted those at the social bottom, giving the impression of lifting them upward. However, Mysore rule did not last long. Their local officials...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif Highly informed individuals who view Hindi imperialism in South Asia as a grand national consciousness often portray the Mappila outbreaks in Malabar as reactions to English rule and part of a national freedom struggle. However, in the 1800s, it’s unlikely th...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif For thousands of years, various communities have ruled different parts of South Asia in diverse ways. Remember, there was no India back then. Today, formal histories divide the past into ancient India, medieval India, and modern India for study purposes. Whil...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif I have come across some writings by Muhammadan scholars about the Mappila outbreaks in South Malabar during the 1800s. These appear to be PhD doctoral theses. They seem of low quality, lacking depth, and written with poor English proficiency. A brief note on ...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif Saiyid Fazl Thangal was a person of Arab lineage. It can be believed to some extent that he sought to exemplify and propagate Muhammad’s character traits. However, social behaviours in that region are caught and sustained in the flow of words within the local...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif I have not conducted an in-depth study of the Mappila outbreaks in South Malabar during the 1800s. However, such topics occasionally catch attention while reading other materials. Among writings by locals, some appear to be authored by those aligned with Hind...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif Society operates within a feudal language framework. In this social environment, landlords lease agricultural land to cultivators. When renting out land, houses, or commercial spaces, the hierarchical distinctions in feudal language codes often persist betwee...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif Let us now briefly review Mr. Strange’s social study report. I have not seen the report itself, but it is referenced in the Malabar Manual. First, it must be noted that in South Asia’s known historical period, it is unclear whether there was ever a tendency t...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif It is somewhat simplistic to say that the English Company failed to understand South Malabar. In truth, they did not fully comprehend South Asia itself. South Asia does not exhibit the flat social landscape seen through the English language. Instead, it is a ...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif In South Malabar, some Mappilas were attacking the Brahmin faction in a communal manner. Defining this as Islamic communalism or terrorism has several shortcomings. Society harboured some harsh realities. First, the brutal feudal language. Second, the extreme...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif In Malabar, particularly South Malabar, communal violence erupted intermittently. Multiple factors contributed to growing tensions and psychological stress within society, each playing a role in creating social issues. The English Company administration envis...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif In South Malabar, numerous issues related to land ownership persisted within society. It seems the English officials failed to grasp the true nature of these matters. The intricate barriers, taboos, directional codes, hierarchies, deep chasms, sharp edges, an...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif The reality is that laws, police, and courts alone cannot reform a society. In a population with a diabolical linguistic disposition, no matter how many beneficial measures are introduced, their reactions, interactions, and provocations will always flow throu...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif The invasions by Hyder Ali and Sultan Tipu from Mysore caused significant upheavals in Malabar’s social order, leading to revolutionary disruptions without clear foundations. It seems many who were long enslaved converted to Islam and acquired land. However, ...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif For the lower-class Mappilas of South Malabar, who were rising mentally, physically, culturally, and socially through Islam, the presence of Saiyid Fazl Thangal, standing in a divine spiritual position, must have been a tremendous source of mental strength. I...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif It is unclear whether manuals like the Malabar Manual were created for every district in the Madras Presidency, but it is known that such manuals were produced in several districts. It seems the Madras Presidency government issued a general order to compile t...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif At that time, various regions of South Asia were gradually coming under the English Company’s rule. Each region presented its own unique issues. The early decision of the English East India Company’s Director Board was to avoid taking over governance in any r...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif It must be understood that from around 1836, the English administration could not discern the precise reasons behind incidents in parts of South Malabar where Mappilas attacked Hindus (Namboodiris), along with their associates, the Ambalavasis and Nairs. It a...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif It was said that when Islam spread among the lower classes, it caused alarm among others, but the same phenomenon did not occur when English spread among them. However, the matter concerning English needs further clarification. When Islam spread in South Mala...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif When discussing the Muslims of Malabar, matters tend to veer into highly complex territories. Addressing these matters here and now would require delving into history, which this writer is not yet prepared to do. For now, this writing remains focused on the e...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif Let us focus solely on the lower-caste communities in southern Malabar who converted to Islam. They were not the only Mohammedans in the region. Namboodiris, Ambalavasis, and Nairs who embraced Islam may also have existed, alongside distinct Arab families. Th...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif The Malabar Manual frequently praises Nairs, often comparing them to modern Indian police constables. It describes them as maintaining peace, law, and order in small kingdoms, regulating conflicts and rivalries among lower communities, overseeing them, preven...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif The year is 2021, marking 100 years since the Mappila Rebellion. If what was studied for the IAS is accurate, like other freedom struggle celebrations, the Mappila Rebellion should be commemorated with great fervor as a centennial event. Moreover, it is heard...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif The Mappila Rebellion was a communal riot that erupted around 1921 in parts of southern Malabar, specifically in Ernad, Valluvanad, Ponnani, and Calicut taluks. In the early months of 1921, the unrest spread rapidly from mosque to mosque and village to villag...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif In June 1947, Malabar Muslim League representatives met Muhammad Ali Jinnah in Delhi for the last time. Their request to create a Mappilastan in Malabar did not seem acceptable to Jinnah. He reportedly dismissed it as something that could only exist in an ove...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif When local movements clashed, English rule became a trump card for all to exploit. The grand delusion of self-proclaimed intellectuals was that foreigners had seized the great India. These so-called enlightened minds ignored the fact that, through highly effi...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif It appears that Kerala Jaiyathul Ulema is likely the Kerala Jamiyyathul Ulama. This organisation, I believe, originated in Malabar, though I am not certain. While it primarily focuses on religious matters, at its annual conference in 1947, it declared its fai...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif In the autobiography of a Namboodiri, revolutionary party leader, and later Chief Minister of Kerala for a brief period, there are certain sentences written about escaping from the manor in Elamkulam during the Mappila rebellion and returning to the manor a f...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif The political leaders of the time aimed to plunge British Malabar and the entirety of British India into a historical upheaval, akin to the Niagara Falls cascading all its waters into an unfathomable abyss, dragging everything toward a Hindi-dominated rule. T...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif It cannot be said with certainty that throughout known history, South Asia had clearly defined kingdoms and their subjects in the manner we understand today. While historical texts may speak of great empires, emperors, and monarchs, it does not seem that any ...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif By the early 1900s, local politicians and social elites in British India began to realize they could govern the region. Many who had visited England and returned harbored ambitions beyond mere governance. The English East India Company had built a nation in S...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif The third decision mentioned from the first District Muslim League Council held in Tellicherry in 1937 was: 3. The plan to make the poem Vande Mataram the national anthem of British India should be abandoned. The notion that British India was governed solely ...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif The second request made by the first District Muslim League Council held in Tellicherry in 1937 was to establish a special electoral system for Mohammedans in local boards and municipalities, to be enshrined in the Madras Local Boards Act and the Madras Distr...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif In the previous section, three decisions made at the first District Muslim League Council held in Tellicherry in 1937 were highlighted. These were requests directed at the English administration. It must be clearly understood that these requests were made to ...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif In an era where Indian academic employees, amassing exorbitant salaries and numerous unearned privileges, point out the alleged thousand faults of the English administration in South Asia, I will seize this opportunity to clarify what actually transpired duri...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif In the 1930s, both the Congress and the Muslim League were vying for the support of Malabar’s Mohammedans. While we may speak of British India or British Malabar, it was likely clear to many locals that the English administration had adopted a self-destructiv...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif Not only in British Malabar but across British India, the English administration existed in name only. Most government officials were British-Indian citizens. Some individuals from neighbouring states may have also secured government positions in British Indi...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif It is understood that there were certain differences in the population between North Malabar and South Malabar. It appears that those in the north harboured a sense of superiority over those in the south. This attitude was particularly evident among the Nairs...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif The English colonial history had certain distinctive features. The English colonial administration accomplished many things worldwide that no other system, whether local or colonial, had done. One such feature was this: in regions under English administration...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif In 1922, an organisation named the Aikya Sangam, or Unity Association, was reportedly formed as a Mohammedan reform organisation. Official history indicates that, in British India, various reform organisations aligned with the definition of Hinduism had emerg...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif The English administration’s creation of British India effortlessly fostered a new nationalist sentiment of a unified Indian nation. The English themselves designed and provided the conditions for this idea to sprout, grow, and flourish. Alongside this unprec...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif The English term political pragmatism refers to a philosophy that determines value based on practical outcomes. It implies flexibility in principles, adapting policies for immediate gains. In electoral politics, this means saying or doing anything to secure v...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif Northern British India was rife with communalism and casteist ideologies. As Malabar was part of British India, these social maladies began seeping in from the north. The antics of prominent South Asian figures and movements also started infiltrating Malabar....

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif For ages, this subcontinent has witnessed ceaseless conflicts—large and small—marked by invasions, betrayals, and more. Victory at any cost is paramount; defeat risks consigning even a great individual or family to the humiliating labels of “nee,” “eda,” “edi...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif The English administration quietly achieved significant feats in British India without fanfare or war cries. It implemented schemes to educate the masses, enacted laws, built roads and pathways free of caste considerations, and constructed dams. It establishe...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif The English administration melded countless regions, communities, and kingdoms with no historical ties, creating what was locally known as British India. Many princely states adjacent to this India were loosely associated with the term. Aligning with areas un...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif In South Asia, the English administration, for the first time in history, introduced various freedoms in British India, enabling many to rise as prominent leaders. Malabar began connecting with regions it had no historical ties to. This allowed divisive ideol...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif The Malabar Manual contains the following passage: QUOTE : Socially the cultivators are subjected (particularly if they are Hindus) to many humiliations and much tyrannical usage by their landlord. This observation is understood to be William Logan’s own. The...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif Indian academic intellectuals claim that the English administration was responsible for all manner of wickedness in South Asia, a region steeped in profound malevolence for ages. However, blaming them alone is futile, as every political opportunist has echoed...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif From around the 1830s, many officials of the English administration in Malabar pondered deeply over why certain Mappilas in South Malabar harboured such intense animosity towards Hindu landlords (Namboodiris), their temple-dwelling kin, their overseer Nayars,...

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1. When feudal tongues clashed from opposing corners 2. If the military leadership had been local 3. On the experience akin to a wild beast’s bite 4. Introducing northern politicians as great souls 5. Freeing slaves provokes retaliation from slave owners 6. On the farce of satyagraha and more 7. Th...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif For many educated and informed people in the new nation of India, events from the decades just before their birth appear as half-dark images in their minds. These shadowy images are illuminated by formal textbooks, films, newspapers, and magazines. “What’s th...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif It seems that a good percentage of people have little knowledge about events just before their birth. The main reason might be that their minds are preoccupied with the necessities of daily life. However, through subtle and covert means, interested parties ma...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif I cannot write about the Mappila riot, a communal clash in South Malabar, in this piece, as this writer lacks precise details of the events that transpired. However, it seems various police cases and court judgments from that time are available on archive.org...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif In the English-ruled regions of South Asia, there was a distinctive feature: anyone could rise to leadership. One could organise agitations with political goals, using protests, clamour, public speeches, and notice distribution to gain attention. From there, ...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif The English administration sought to introduce ideas of social equality, human rights, individual dignity, and more into a society where the prevailing ideology was that the strong and influential hold sway. In this subcontinent, cunning and sharp-wittedness ...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif Let me speak of South Asia. It doesn’t seem that the people of the Islamic faith were a unified group. Sunnis and Shias have clashed in the northern parts of South Asia for ages. Among the Slave Dynasty sultans who ruled Delhi, there were significant massacre...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif In Cannanore, the Arakkal family, along with other Muhammadans in the vicinity who share Greek bloodlines, the Keyi family in Tellicherry, Mappilas in North and South Malabar with Arab bloodlines, Mappilas from Namboodiri-Ambalavasi-Nair family lines, Mappila...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif I plan to briefly examine the life experiences of Malabari Muslims from the early 20th century (1900 onwards) until the period when Malabar was annexed to Travancore. CPS, born in 1927 in Tellicherry, North Malabar, studied in an English convent there and lat...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif I have heard the term niskarathazhambu. It refers to a small mark or scar-like spot on the forehead of men who regularly pray at the mosque. Some Muslims seem to consider this mark a clear sign of the person’s religious faith, devotion to God, and honesty. Th...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif I am adding a few more words related to Malabari Muslims that I have heard and have in mind. Mahal : It seems to refer to the area where Muslims live under the jurisdiction of a specific mosque committee. A’oodhu : I understand it means "I seek refuge in...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif I am mentioning some expressions heard in the past related to Malabari Muslims. First, Sunnath . It seems Sunnath refers to the lifestyle and practices demonstrated or taught by Muhammad (the Prophet). It also feels like a word closely associated with somethi...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif I am continuing the account based on the limited information gained through hearsay about Malabari Muslims. First, let us look at a few expressions commonly found among Malabari Muslims: Kolkali, Oppana, Mappilappattu. Kolkali seems to be a dance performed wi...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif https://youtu.be/7pEVtJKno2s In Volume 9 , Chapter 15 of this writing, I discussed various matters related to worship among the lower-class Christians of Travancore. Similarly, in Volume 9 , Chapter 16, I addressed similar matters within the Hindu (Brahmin) r...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif https://youtu.be/R1ENNpZ6Um4?si=aFEfEk1UhNDdyANQ I am continuing with miscellaneous matters related to Mappilas. However, before that, it seems appropriate to discuss some points concerning cow worship in Malabar and, moreover, in South Asia. This is because ...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif It is said that he claimed to be the Mahdi Imam, believed to appear in the last days of the world. Although the Ahmadiyya movement exists today as an independent movement in many parts of the world, orthodox Islam does not recognise these people as followers ...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif More needs to be said about Muhammadans in South Asia in general and Malabar’s Mappilas in particular. I, this writer, write within the limits of my knowledge, but without restraining thoughts or reflections. Below is a quoted passage: Tharawadikal, Tharawatt...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif Let me address a matter concerning the slave trade. Many today believe the English were solely responsible for the slave trade, which is nearly 100% incorrect. However, formal historical records provide evidence to refute this. I plan to delve into this topic...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif The conversion of many Cherumars and other lower-caste groups in South Malabar to Islam likely brought significant changes in their mental outlook. For individuals who had no social value, living like mere cattle on landlords’ fields, sleeping and sitting on ...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif I had not intended to write about the Mappilas now. However, as this topic has come up in the course of writing, it has become necessary to include it at this juncture. When writing history, it naturally becomes necessary to include details about the Mappilas...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif What follows is about another group of Mappilas. Individuals of Arab descent, working on Arab trading dhows and sailing ships, likely married lower-caste women and others along the Malabar coast, raising children in modest, habitable huts. From these children...

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https://victoria.org.in/eclass/Malv.gif Readers should note that this writer has very limited knowledge on this subject. The following is based solely on hearsay and a few passages from the Malabar Manual. There may be additional details beyond this that the writer is unaware of. In British Malabar...

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